Sunday, 25 April 2021

THE ANCIENT ARCH AND THE BANYAN TREE

                                In the soothing shade of a giant banyan tree,

Whose mighty boughs stretch as far as one can see.

Its prop roots countless, reach the ground

And an ancient arch, they fondly surround.

 

“Good morning sir, the sun is high.”

“Don’t I know?” comes the arch’s glum reply.

“Creaking souls can hardly sleep,

At every dawn, I watch the sun peep.”

 

“The birds return on their day’s last flight.

Their din stirs up the fading light

Then silence grips this desolate land,

Across the night, awake I stand.”

 

“In the dusk the jungle comes alive,

Emerge the creatures that in darkness thrive.

Glow worms with their flitting light,

A pair of shiny eyes piercing the night.”

 

“The crickets’ chirps, the hoots of the owls,

A slaughtered deer’s moans and the jackals’ howls,

The hiss of the serpents, the quiet of the slush,

Abruptly, the jungle comes to a hush.”

 

“Gazing at the stars, shimmering in the sky,

Gazing at the moon, lazily sailing by,

Listening to the sighs of restless souls

And the slurping sounds at the watering holes.”

 

“But better days have I seen my boy.

Oh, those were the times of merriment and joy.

Here I stood tall, strong and wide,

As armed sentries guarded on either side.”

 

“Beautiful carvings beyond compare

That never failed to invite an admiring stare.

Atop fluttered the flag of the land
I was a sight so stunningly grand.”

 

“Kings led armies marching through my portal

A magnificent sight to behold for any mortal,

To a war in a distant land to fight,

With their swords glistening in the morning light.”

 

“Glorious in victory as they returned

The leaping flames of the torches burned.

Most had arrived, but some had died,

In joy I smiled and in sorrow I cried.”

 

“People would come from far and wide

On foot; in carts; on horses astride.

Some came to work and some to trade,

As way into the town they slowly made.”

 

“Thus passed the days, so pleasant my dear,

Who could have guessed, that the end was so near.

Out of the blue, on a moonless night,

The sleeping town was struck by the enemy’s might.”

 

“I stood in tatters, the first to be struck,

The unwary defenders soon ran out of luck.

House after house in every street,

Were set afire and throats were slit.”

 

“Heart wrenching wails pierced the skies

And the air was heavy with painful sighs.

Soon it was over; there was hardly a fight,

Blood flowed like water, flames singed the night.”

 

“The enemy berserk, laid bare the state

Hardly a man or a house stood straight.

Vanquished thoroughly and razed to the dust

The land was lost to a consuming gust.”

 

“As the sun rose in its crimson band

People in droves left the ravaged land.

Their faces ashen, their mournful cries

The town was dead before my eyes.”

 

“Slowly the land, where people once thrived

Turned to a ghost town where none arrived.

Darkness reigned where lights once shone

Amidst the ruins I have been standing alone.”

 

“Years have passed and jungles dense

Have grown around, with trees immense.

Where people once lived, now wild lives thrive

The greenery around has kept me alive.”

 

“A little bird once had dropped a seed,

Right in the midst of some overgrown weed.

The tiny seed ruptured and you broke free,

Today you stand a magnificent tree.”

 

“Where once stood an arch, majestic and grand

Shed off it flesh, does a skeleton stand.

Hidden in the midst of overgrown greens

Once so proud, but now in ruins.”

 

The tale of splendour from another age,

Since disgraced by foe’s rampage.

Patiently heard the banyan tree,

As sunlight left, to set the dark free.

 

 The moon was pale as clouds flew by

And gradually covered the black, night sky.

A gentle breeze gathered in strength,

Howling through the jungle’s length.

 

Moments before when all looked fine

Suddenly took an ominous sign.

Creatures ran for every tree

As nature’s fury was all set free.

 

Leaves and dust flew madly around

The mighty storm bent trees to the ground.

Lightning flashed and thunder roared

Rain in wayward gushes poured.

 

Such was heaven’s stormy might

Neither was a sound, nor a movement slight.

The roars, the hisses, the chirps, the moans

Were numbed to silence by turbulent groans.

 

Trees uprooted and animals dead

Across the jungle, the mayhem spread.

A mango tree that had stood its ground

Came crashing on the arch with a thudding sound.

 

The frail light announced a new day’s birth

Droplets from the leaves hit the sodden earth.

Amidst the sounds of chirps and tweets

The ancient arch lay scattered in bits.

 

The jungle let a heaving sigh

At the mayhem in the night gone by.

Life revived through feeble heartbeat

As history lay strewn at the banyan’s feet.

 

Teardrops did the banyan leaves shed

On a longtime friend presently dead.

Then he was there and now no more

No one to tell the tales of yore.

 

The tree stood strong, but its heart did bleed

The pain too deep for others to read.

The prop roots lovingly guarded the ruins

That lay in peace amidst the greens.

 

“No one will hurt you, no one will scar

Long have you travelled through peace and war.

For every beginning, there is an end

Rest in peace, my ancient friend.”

 

Once a kingdom, ruled by a crown,

In its place stands a modern town.

Long has vanished the untamed green,

The streets are straight and sparkling clean.

 

A little afar from this modern land,

The banyan however, still does stand.

Myriad birds on its boughs still perch,

Its base is paved with stones from the arch.

 

Nests are built in its cosy breast,

In its cool shade, passersby rest.

People leave and more arrive,

The banyan and the arch still survive.


BHOPAL
25th April, 2021

Friday, 12 July 2019

WHEN APPRECIATION COMES FROM DR. A.P.J ABDUL KALAM

Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam
15th October, 1931 to 27th July, 2015
Hon’ble President of India from 2002 to 2007

In 2007, erstwhile Hon’ble President of India asked the world, “What should we do to free our planet from terrorism?” on YAHOO! ANSWERS. Often referred to as Missile Man of India, because of his nearly single handed contribution and leading role in developing India’s missile defence system, his heart indeed yearned for peace and universal brotherhood, as evidenced from his speeches, writings and this question in particular. Deeply rooted to his motherland, his thoughts concentrated around universal peace and cohabitation. A great soul, idolized by multitudes of people across diverse nationalities, religions and age groups, Dr. Kalam will possibly remain, India’s most beloved President of all times. 
Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam

Naturally, the question received 31,255 responses across the world, which included celebrities like Sri Sri Ravishankar, Kiran Bedi and Leander Paes. I believe that anyone who came across the question was enthused with an urge to share her/his ideas with the great humanitarian. Even someone as insignificant as myself sat down to think deeply as to how best to satisfy Dr. Kalam regarding his question on a problem spanning the globe and threatening to tear civilization apart.

I could not believe my eyes when I saw that my answer, submitted under the pseudonym Modest had been selected as the best answer by the great man himself. Tiny achievements that have come in my life faded into insignificance at the appreciation from Dr. Kalam and will remain the single biggest achievement in my life.

I salute you my President. May your soul rest in everlasting peace. May your life and ideas enlighten and enthuse millions of youngsters for years to come.

For anyone interested in reading the answer, the link is given below.

https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070112135510AAD7SB8&guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlaW5kaWFudGFsa3MuY29tL2ZlYXR1cmVkL3JlYWQtdGhlLXF1ZXN0aW9uLWFza2VkLWJ5LWFwai1hYmR1bC1rYWxhbS1vbi15YWhvby1hbnN3ZXJzLzEwNzYwLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAGQEp2oPUzrLrJweP64W-7ifQ5v0xiGr0jaXu-iyAYTPO-_1i-m-wWsX4NhbU4mX8wIRtkwQDk94Gj_XbCgu-VQFIL3dfbxlvfGq_3L9eb2PbbsE8ZO0Li1rF4DRnc9DhSawQuebbrMCrN0mBw21oHWdZOpeHuxGjbwnMtNsMVyA

Thank you YAHOO! ANSWERS. 



© Sugato Mitra
05.45 PM 12th July, 2019
Bhopal

Wednesday, 10 July 2019

JAI SHREE RAM IN THE LOK SABHA – II

I, ………… (Name), having been elected a member of the House of the People (Lok Sabha) do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India and that I will faithfully discharge the duty upon which I am about to enter. This is the oath that a newly elected member of the Lok Sabha takes. While the MP can swear in the name of God while taking the oath, it is not binding on her/him to do so. She/he is free to solemnly affirm her/his allegiance to the Constitution of India and not swear in the name of God, if she/he so chooses.

This format of oath or affirmation is enunciated in the Third Schedule of the Constitution of India in Article 99. Thereby, there is no scope to add words or sentences, whether it is Jai Shree Ram or anything else; even patriotic ones; to the format that constitutes the oath of newly elected member. Neither can words or sentences be deleted from the format of the oath. Either way, it will no longer constitute an oath of office and will be treated as a violation of the Constitution. In my opinion, there is only one course of action that can follow an act of violation of the Constitution disqualification of the member
Locket Chatterjee, BJP MP from West Bengal shouts Jai Shree Ram in the course of her oath taking in the Lok Sabha

The words of religious belief that accompanied the oaths of BJP and AITC Parliamentarians from West Bengal will no doubt be expunged. Is it enough? Keep in mind, that the same was spoken in the course of oath taking and not during a Parliamentary discourse. There is a clear line of distinction between unparliamentary and unconstitutional conduct. It is not a thin line either. Surprisingly, Honble Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Mr. Om Birla far from reprimanding the errant members, wore an amused expression as the charade was enacted. A newly appointed Government servant cannot suffix his pledge with Jai Shree Ram or Jai Ma Kali”. She/he will be asked to take the oath again as per format. Failure to do so, will lead to cancellation of her/his appointment. Our Parliamentarians have extraordinary privileges indeed. 
Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar, AITC MP from West Bengal shouts religious slogans in the course of her oath taking in the Lok Sabha

Through the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India enacted in 1976, the Preamble to the Constitution declared India as a secular nation. Secularism in the Indian context signifies: –

·         The state has no religion of its own. Every citizen, irrespective of her/his religious faith is equal before the law of the land. No preferential treatment will be accorded by the state to the followers of any particular religion. Neither will the state discriminate against the followers of any particular religion.

·         Citizens are free to practice, profess and preach their own religions. There will be no Government interference in this regard.

Parliament is the place, where not only laws of the land are not only enacted, but also protected against abuse. Do our religious slogan shouting lawmakers even realize that by chanting Jai Shree Ram or Jai Ma Kali within the hallowed precincts of Parliament, they have abused the Preamble and violated the Constitution? I am sure they dont, because they dont care for Constitutional propriety. The word Secularism that is so distinctly enshrined in the Preamble and the values it signifies have been tossed out of the windows with disdain by the very people whom the Constitution has empowered to uphold it. The hopes which the citizens elected their representatives died when the law makers broke the law with impunity in the very hall where laws are made and secured.

One thing that the errant MPs must have forgotten in exhibiting their religious zeal was that the constituencies they represent, consists of citizens of multiple faiths. When an MP shouts Jai Shree Ram or Allah Hu Akbar”, the followers of other faiths in his constituency naturally feel left out of her/his attention. Such open exhibition of religious bias and that too in the temple of democracy is not expected from an elected law maker of a secular nation. Temples, mosques, churches, gurdwaras etc. or even a persons own home are the appropriate places for pursuing ones own religious beliefs. Parliament is the place to deliberate on issues of national development and cannot be appropriated for frivolities. The religious cries of the MPs indicate that not only are they irresponsible, they are indisciplined as well.

Already, enlightened, intelligent debates from stalwart Parliamentarians, which used to be the pride of the Indian Parliament, are things of the past barring a few rare exceptions. It has become a norm for MPs from both treasury as well as opposition benches to rudely interrupt another MP in the course of his speech with catcalls and boos. What could possibly be more unfortunate than being vocally drowned out with religious cries in addition, brazenly reeking of communal intent in the sanctum sanctorum of a secular democracy. If such deviant behavior is not dealt with firmly from the outset, errant MPs will be emboldened to repeat such indecency time and again and the casualty will be the interests of the common man.

Finally, MPs are representatives of people of all religious faiths of their electoral constituency. They should not exhibit their personal religious faiths openly in Parliament and thereby create a notion of religious bias. Else, people of other faiths will feel discriminated against and also feel being excluded from the attention of their elected representative. This is not desirable in a secular, democratic nation, especially in the modern age. Let us not forget that people of all faiths work in important Government institutions like defense, police, education, healthcare etc. Each and every one of them serve the nation in their own way. As a nation, we cannot afford to exclude anyone from the nation building process and from process of creating national progress and prosperity. It will hurt every Indian citizen and cost the nation a lot if a soldier put down his gun during a war or a doctor hung his stethoscope in the middle of a treatment, because they felt that as citizens they were denied equality and given an unfair deal because of their religious faiths. God forbid, but India could see such a calamity if our unruly politicians are not reined in without delay.   

© Sugato Mitra
12.59 PM, 10th July, 2019
Bhopal

Tuesday, 9 July 2019

JAI SHREE RAM IN THE LOK SABHA – I

June 17, 2019. The first day of the inaugural session of the 17th Lok Sabha. It should have been a red letter day for the MPs from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), whose party had been reelected to power with a massive 303 seats on its own, while the size of the BJP led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) was a stunning 353 seats. Yet, from Day 1, the party in power started to trivialize its position in Parliament and gave the impression that its MPs were immature and incapable of discharging the immense responsibility that was bestowed on them by way of a massive national mandate
Parliament of India


Yes, I am referring to the cries of Jai Shree Ram that emanated from the Treasury Benches on 17th and 18th June, 2019, as the MPs from the BJP and the opposition All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) elected from West Bengal came to take oath as members of the Lok Sabha one after the other. Controversial BJP MP from Bhopal, Ms. Pragya Singh Thakur, prefixed the word Sadhvi and suffixed her gurus name to her own name as she took her oath

It is not difficult to guess that while for the BJP MPs, the cries of Jai Shree Ram were meant to cheer, for their AITC brethren, it was meant to jeer. Not to be outdone, the Parliamentarians from the AITC retorted with cries of Jai Ma Kali”, Jai Ma Durga”, “Jai Bangla”, Mamata Banerjee Zindabad”, Ma, Mati, Manusher Jai and even the patriotic Jai Hind”. Mr. Kalyan Banerjee, an AITC MP even chanted hymns in obeisance to Goddess Kali. Muslim MPs chanted from their own religious scriptures. This was worse than a tamasha. It was an outright insult to all those patriotic citizens, who had exercised their franchise only weeks ago in the expectation of a better future for themselves and the nation. Sceptics refrain from voting considering it to be a fruitless exercise. With this mockery of Constitutional values on the opening days of the first Parliamentary session itself, their skepticism was vindicated too.      

Chanting Jai Shree Ram has become a political issue in West Bengal, hotter than the Ram Mandir issue in Uttar Pradesh, ever since West Bengals Chief Minister and AITC supremo Mamata Banerjee halted her motorcade on her way to Bhatpara on 30th May, 2019 to attend a sitin of party workers, as cries of Jai Shree Ram from a group of locals gathered on the wayside assailed her ears. If the act of getting down from her car and confronting the mischievous gathering was not stupid enough for a person of her stature, she went on to brand the chant in praise of Lord Ram as a verbal abuse. No wonder, the motley group that had chanted praises of the most politicized divine being in the nation within her earshot, were BJP supporters. It is quite possible that the entire act was sponsored by her sworn antagonist, the BJP. The area falls under the Barrackpore Lok Sabha constituency which had elected Arjun Singh, erstwhile AITC MLA and dreaded muscleman, who had crossed over to the BJP only days before the election. Predictably, he had earned the wrath of his former party chief, who had publicly termed him a traitor on more than one occasion. His ardent supporters must have thought that praising the Lord was the best way to return the compliment.

Having exacted sweet retribution through his electoral victory, Arjun Singh and his band of merry men had gone about engineering defections of AITC Councilors to the BJP in the municipalities in his constituency as also taking over the AITC party offices and painting them saffron. Shocked by the almost unexpected electoral reverse as also the onslaught unleashed by the BJP and Arjun Singh, the once omnipotent AITC was on virtual retreat in the area as in many other areas of the state. A quickly depleting party strength was ominous for the party which would be put to the test again in two years time as West Bengal goes to the Legislative Assembly elections in 2021. Instilling confidence in party workers and reorganizing them for the tough fight ahead against a formidable adversary was the precise purpose of Mamata Banerjees journey to Bhatpara that day. It is not difficult to guess that having gradually become accustomed to political smooth sailing in the last eight years, she must have been particularly highstrung with her partys recent electoral debacle. The chants of Jai Shree Ram”, associated with the BJP, could only have added fuel to fire on someone, who, at the best of times, is renowned for her tempestuous personae.

Whatever the provocation, Mamata Banerjee, through her conduct, failed herself as a Chief Minister and as a leader of the masses that day. She should have ignored the chants and moved on. If she wanted to slap (a word incidentally made famous by no less than herself) administrative action against the chanters, which I maintain to be strictly illegal and also politically unwise, she could have done it discreetly instead of creating a ruckus in public.

Incidentally, Mamata Banerjee was earlier on 4th May, 2019, confronted with a similar situation in Chandrakona town, again from the BJP supporters and had come up with a similar vitriolic response. It was this incident that made the BJP in West Bengal realize that the religious slogan could be inflicted as an ammunition on Mamata Banerjee, who is pathologically allergic to the BJP and anything that is associated with the party. Needless to say, their calculation was exact and had elicited the precise response that they had desired when it was repeated in Bhatpara. This time its impact was much larger and created a national furore. Although arguments flew thick and fast on both sides of the issue, clearly Mamata Banerjee had become a victim of her own unwise, volatile, knee jerk reaction. From a firebrand opposition leader, she had become the cynosure of attention for all the wrong reasons.

The elections being over and with a new Government in place, everyone, especially in West Bengal had expected the insanity to die a natural death. Shockingly and belying common sense, it reached the Central Hall of Parliament, a place which is so sanctimonious that it is considered strictly out of bounds for religious posturing. Thanks to some irresponsible BJP MPs, who lack the ability to distinguish between religion and Constitutional propriety, religious slugfests made a grand entry in the hallowed portals of the 17th Lok Sabha. The day they took their oaths swearing allegiance to the Constitution of India, was the very day they started to violate the Constitution. AITC MPs in their effort to match the madness, only managed to tarnish themselves as much as the BJP did. Sadly, more than any political party or politician, it is the indignity of our beloved nation and it is for the world to see and snigger at.

© Sugato Mitra
12.15 PM, 10th July, 2019                                                                      
Bhopal

Wednesday, 19 June 2019

PROPOSALS FOR REVIVAL OF CLOSED AND AILING CENTRAL PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS IN DURGAPUR, WEST BENGAL

Durgapur, located in the Paschim Bardhaman district of West Bengal is perhaps the only city in the four states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Odisha combined that has the immense potential of leapfrogging as the city of the future. Yet the vast potential is being wasted due to lack of Government initiative and harmful political activity. Needless to say that the principal sufferers are the residents of Durgapur and its vast surroundings, all of whom the industrial city sustains through employment, business and a host of other economic activities. 


Three Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) that were amongst the vital pillars on which the industrial city grew and sustained itself while providing much needed employment to thousands of people across the country, were shut down in the early 21st century for having suffered losses over a protracted period of time. The three CPSUs that were shut down were the Mining and Allied Machinery Corporation (MAMC), Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited (HFCL), Durgapur and Bharat Ophthalmic Glass Limited (BOGL). Lack of much needed modernization resulting in failure to keep up with technological changes, inefficient management, certain economic factors and irresponsible trade unionism were some of the reasons behind the sustained financial losses suffered by the three CPSUs. Additionally, in 2018 the Government of India recommended the strategic disinvestment of another ailing CPSU, the Alloy Steels Plant (ASP), a subsidiary unit of SAIL. The move has been temporarily shelved.   

Industries once shut down, does in no way mean that they should be shut down forever. Ways have to be explored to revive them and make them profitable. More than one and a half decade has passed, since the three CPSUs were shut down. And a lot has changed in Durgapur during this intervening period, for which it is imperative to revisit all the three closed CPSUs as also ASP, with some concrete plans for revival. Some of the important points in Durgapurs changing profile are discussed below.

·         With the gradual erosion of the support base of the Left parties, militant trade unionism is virtually nonexistent in Durgapur these days.

·         The NSSOs report on employment is a cause of concern. The issue of unemployment has to be addressed by the Government on a war footing. The existing infrastructure of the three closed CPSUs can be profitably utilized for their revival or to set up new industries in their place.

·         Leaving the leftover facilities of closed industries like shed, buildings, machinery, land etc. to rust and rot amounts to non-utilization of available resources. In a state like West Bengal where land for industries is hard to come by and land acquisition becomes a political issue of discontent, leaving industrial lands unutilized for decades after the industries have shut down is nothing short of a sin. If the earlier industries cannot be revived, some new industries must come up in their place. But land and other facilities simply should not be wasted.

·         Durgapur was included in the initial list of smart cities, although it was subsequently excluded. This signifies that it has the basic modern infrastructure on which a smart city can come up. Indeed, there is no dearth of educational institutions imparting quality education at school and higher levels, good hospitals and recreational facilities. Basic infrastructure like power, roads (both internal and NH-2), water supply, telecommunications and railway connectivity are excellent. If there are adequate modern amenities, it is surprising indeed that the same is not matched with infusion of industries through Government initiative.

·         A vital new infrastructure that has come up in Durgapur in the not too distant past, is the Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport, Durgapur. Initially, air services to and from the airport had to be shut down occasionally due to lack of adequate number of passengers. Fortunately, services have become more regular these days and flights are operating to different new routes. The future of the airport and the air traffic industry at Durgapur depends to a great extent on organized industrial growth of the city. Similarly, the land port that exists in Durgapur can also optimally fulfill its purpose with adequate industrial growth.

·         Durgapur has a vast pool of young, educated and professionally trained work force, who unfortunately are forced to leave their city for other far away destinations in search of employment. Any industry in and around Durgapur can be serviced from this local talent pool. Employing the local youth, companies can thereby save the expenses of providing housing facilities, which they would have to incur on employees recruited from outside.

·         Durgapur is generally renowned as a peaceful city inhabited overwhelmingly by law abiding, honest citizens. The law and order situation is generally very good. It is a modern city with a multi ethnic population known for peaceful cohabitation of people from all over the country and even from abroad. No caste and communal clashes have ever been reported from Durgapur.

·         Inspite of its gradual downslide over the years, Durgapur still remains the most developed city in the region. Revitalisation of the industrial scene in Durgapur will definitely act as a catalyst in the industrial development in the adjoining districts of Bankura and Birbhum, which will lead to much needed all round development of the entire region with Durgapur as the epicenter.

·         There is no labor in all the three closed CPSUs in Durgapur, although the land, shed and staff quarters (both in dilapidated condition) and infrastructure like good road connection and water supply still exists. Hence, with none of the baggage from the past to carry, new initiatives can be started from scratch.   

Some proposals for the revival of the three closed CPUs and ASP are given below. The proposals are neither entirely new nor original. They might be inadequate for Durgapurs revival. But they are definitely something to think over, maybe over again. The one and only issue is industrial revival. If these proposals are partially viable, they may be suitably modified. If they are entirely unviable, fresh proposals may be considered. There is no dearth of experts in our country. But let the Government kindly take the first concrete steps towards industrial revival of Durgapur. If the aforesaid proposals are seriously considered and implemented, the turnaround for the ailing ASP will be spectacular and unlike any industrial turnaround that India has ever seen  

1)       Mining and Allied Machinery Corporation (MAMC): Set up in 1965 with Soviet help and technology for manufacturing equipments for various mining industries. It slipped into the red in 1992 and was shut down in 2002 on the recommendations of BIFR. 


·         A failed revival scheme: A consortium of Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML), Coal India Limited (CIL) and Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) was formed to revive MAMC. DVC could source equipments and spares for its aging thermal power plants, while CIL will get its equipments for coal mining with the Centre emphasising on even greater volumes of mining of coal. The Centre has to formally approve the consortiums move. But unfortunately the revival plans are yet to materialise and the reasons for the same are unknown.

·         Alternate proposals for revival: If the consortium has backtracked on its plans and are no longer interested in MAMCs revival, let the reasons for the same be known. If the viability of MAMCs traditional mining products is an issue, alternative mining products in keeping with modern times and trends can be manufactured. If it is beyond the financial capacity of the consortium to go into the manufacture of a new line of products, let the Central Government think seriously about selling the facility to one of the internationally renowned manufacturers of construction and mining equipments like Hyundai, Kobe, Komatsu, TATA HITACHI, JCB etc.

·         Assets of the CPSU: The CPSU has its land and shed although most of the machineries are stolen. There are no employees. There is also a sprawling township with residential quarters which only need minor repairs. MAMC and its residential township have good electricity and water connections as well as a good network of roads. Thus a buyer can virtually start from scratch. There is every possibility of international corporations showing interest in taking over the closed PSU. Let some serious thought be devoted to MAMCs revival instead of letting it rust and rot. If no mining industrial company expresses interest, the Government may contemplate inviting automobile manufacturers.

2)       Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited (HFCL): Set up in 1974 for manufacturing fertilizer from naphtha, production stopped in 1998 and was shut down in 2002 on the recommendations of BIFR. 



·         Revival stalled: It is learnt that revival of the Durgapur unit of HFCL was proposed by converting production from naphtha to gas to be supplied through pipeline laid from Jagdishpur, Uttar Pradesh or from coal bed methane gas from Raniganj, West Bengal. However, no concrete decision has been arrived at and the exact reason for the delay is also unknown.

·         Is land acquisition standing in the way of revival: It is also learnt from certain unconfirmed sources that the Centre had requested the West Bengal Government for additional land acquisition for the sake of the units revival, but the State Government has turned down the request. While I personally discount the validity of such a report, it would be extremely unfortunate if the same is true and Central and State Governments fail to converge on matters of national development.

·         Revival can contribute to agricultural development: The Central Government over the years, has exhibited great concern for the nations agricultural sector through increased budgetary allocations. Availability of fertilizer at affordable prices to the farmers is a vital component of the nations agricultural development and rural prosperity. In this perspective, there is no plausible reason as to why HFCL, Durgapur should not be revived, as it can play a major role in the nations agricultural development.   

·         Assets of the CPSU: Like MAMC, HFCL, Durgapur has its land and shed, though much of the machinery is stolen and the land is now a jungle. The quarters in the sprawling beautiful township are in need of urgent repairs. But there is electricity and water connection. Thus, inspite of all this positives, why should this CPSU not be revived? Should petty politics play overwhelming role in the perpetual shutdown of rich revenue and employment opportunities?

·         Alternate proposals for revival: If the Central Government cannot renew fertilizer production by reviving HFCL, Durgapur, it may consider making the unit a subsidiary to or selling the unit to a reputed Government owned or private national or international fertilizer and chemicals manufacturing company. Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited; Zuari Agro Chemicals LTD.; Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers & Chemicals Limited; The Fertilizers & Chemicals Travancore Ltd.; Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited; Chambal Fertilisers and Chemicals Limited; Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals Ltd.; Coromandel International Ltd. etc. are some of the important names in the fertilizer industry that can be considered for the purpose. If fertilizer production is not possible at this unit any more, it may be sold to some prominent chemicals and/or pharmaceuticals company, rather than leaving it to rot.

3)       Bharat Ophthalmic Glass Ltd. (BOGL): Set up in 1972, BOGL made ophthalmic flint buttons (FBs), optical glass items and radiation shielding window glass. Its entire product range were import substitutes and some were of strategic importance. It went to BIFR in 1992 and was shut down in 2006. 

·         Assets of the CPSU: Of all the three closed CPSUs in Durgapur, it is estimated that revival of BOGL would cost the least. The land and shed as also the employees quarters in dilapidated condition still exist. There is proper road connection too. Being located within the Durgapur Municipal Corporation area, providing of electricity and water connections are no problem either.

·         A glorious past: The optical glass produced by BOGL was a product of strategic importance and was indigenously developed by BOGL. Radiation shielding window developed by BOGL, used to absorb short-wave X-ray and Gamma radiation, had received national award for import substitution and were used in the nuclear research establishment in Kalpakkam. It is highly unfortunate that the organisation that once played such an important role in Indias ophthalmic industrial self-sufficiency has died such a pitiable death.

·         Inputs for revival: Close interaction with the Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata can help in the revival of this closed CPSU, while Coke Oven (CO) gas, which acted as a fuel for BOGL can be procured at a concessional rate from The Durgapur Projects Ltd./WBSEDCL.

·         Alternate proposals for revival: If revival of BOGL is considered totally unviable, the Central Government could consider selling the facility to prominent ophthalmic glass manufacturers like Zeiss, Essilor etc.

4)       Alloy Steels Plant (ASP): Proposal for revival of another CPSU, the Alloy Steels Plant (ASP), Durgapur, a subsidiary of the Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL), is another matter that should come up for serious consideration. Set up in 1965, ASP produces a diverse range of stainless and special steels catering to critical end-use by strategic sectors like Defence, Railways, Automobiles, Power Plants etc. 


·         Great contribution to India’s defence sector: The special steel used to make the country’s first indigenously designed artillery gun Dhanush which was inducted in the army on 8th April, 2019, was supplied by ASP, Durgapur. Earlier, ASP had also supplied special steel used in the manufacture of armys MBT Arjun and the Indian Navys INS Vikrant, INS Kiltan, INS Kamorta respectively. Undoubtedly, ASP has played a major role in providing valuable support and self-reliance to Indias defence sector.

·         Strategic disinvestment decision: ASP has been consistently running into losses since many years, with the figure touching 483 crore rupees between 2011 and 2016. Consequently, the Government of India decided to strategically disinvest ASP in 2017, whereby ASP was planned to be transferred to the strategic investor on a going concern basis by way of slump sale through business transfer agreement. The plan had been shelved, which many people believe to be only temporary in view of the elections. Workers apprehend that the elections being over, the Government would now push for disinvestment of ASP once more.

·         Proposals for turnaround: However, the following actions if taken, can turn ASP into a profitable entity, thereby obviating the need of disinvestment.


Ø  Modernization of the plant: ASP has remained largely deprived of major modernization since inception. Considering the last modernization/augmentation of the plant took place as far back as 2012, there is a need for comprehensive, immediate modernization of ASP.
Ø  Merger of Durgapur Steel Plant and Alloy Steels Plant: Both plants are subsidiaries of SAIL and are located adjacent to each other. A merger of the two plants is a very healthy proposition for either of them considering that some of DSPs outputs can be directly utilized by ASP, while the latter can save substantially on its expenses on sourcing those inputs from elsewhere. Merger would also lead to a wider array of finished steel products, which can be enhanced even more over the years. Since finished products add to the profitability quotient, the merger will be a win-win situation for the unified entity. Optimal utilization of the synergy and resources of each will considerably enhance the efficiency and output of the other.
Ø  Streamlining of the labor force: If considered as utmost necessity, voluntary retirement scheme can be offered down the line for the sake of a leaner and more efficient work force.

04.41 PM, 19th June, 2019

Bhopal
© Sugato Mitra

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